Kola Peninsula

Karelian birch grows along the banks of rivers and lakes, on the trunks of which solid complex-layered formations are often formed. In the west of the Kola Peninsula, there are outgrowths — caps used for the manufacture of furniture, jewelry and art products. Coniferous forests are spread out at the foot and on the slopes of the Khibiny to a height of 400 m, aspen, alder, mountain ash are found on the edges of forests and clearings, some are replaced by mountain tundra and rocky placers. The ground is covered with a thick carpet of grasses. Tundras are widely developed on the Keiva plateau. In the south, the mountains and plateaus of the Kola Peninsula abruptly transition to the hilly plain of Karelia. Damp, swampy places are the realm of fluffy green mosses. Reindeer, elk, brown bear, wolf, fox, arctic fox, lynx, hare, squirrel, muskrat, badger, wolverine, otter, marten, ferret, mink, ermine — this is not a complete list of inhabitants of the Karelian taiga, occupied by taiga vegetation, swamps and numerous lakes. The climate here is relatively mild. There are a lot of hog and waterfowl here. Swans spend the summer on remote taiga lakes rich in fish, which are carefully guarded by humans. Young cities have grown up in the Karelian taiga and the intermountain valleys of the Khibiny, mining, energy, pulp and paper, woodworking, shipbuilding, machine-building, and mining industries are developing. Frost-resistant varieties of wheat, barley, rye, many fodder crops are cultivated in the fields, dairy, meat and meat-wool cattle are bred. What is distinctive in the nature of this region is that large boulders of crystalline rocks are scattered among the tundra and taiga, and shiny, polished rocks and hard stone blocks are often found along the banks of rivers and lakes.


These are the outcrops of indigenous rocks of ancient origin. The surface is replete with traces of deep faults of the Earth's crust, oblong depressions are occupied by chains of small lakes or serve as basins of entire lake systems. The layers of rocks composing the earth's crust are the most reliable evidence by which one can form an idea of the stages of the history of the development of the planet's nature. The developed methods and methods of analysis allow us to distinguish with great accuracy the deposits brought by mountain or plain rivers in any periods of the planet's life. Marine sediments differ from lake sediments. The deposits of water basins in rock formations have little in common with the layers formed due to the accumulation of land deposits. Determining the time of formation of rocks, minerals, landforms, the sequence of formation of layers of the Earth's crust is one of the central tasks of Earth sciences, including geography. The calculation of the age and duration of geological processes is carried out in absolute units of time — in years, millennia, millions or billions of years. With undisturbed deposits, the rock layers located at the bottom are older than the layers located at the top of the section. In the mountains, the layers are crumpled into folds, torn or pushed on top of each other. body to body massage